GEOSAT-2 was designed to provide a cost-effective and highly responsive service to cope with the increasing need of fast access to sub-metric imagery. It provides near-real time image tasking, downloading, processing and delivery to the end user. HiRAIS is a 75 cm pan-sharpened multispectral optical instrument with a very-high resolution camera of five spectral channels 1 panchromatic, 4 multispectral.
ESA will support as many high-quality and innovative projects as possible within the quota limit available, therefore, for the "on demand" TPM, only a limited amount of products can be made available to each project. ESA offers registered users the access to the Online Dissemination server to the following data collections.
Deimos-2 Search. Deimos-2 Navigation. This fleet will be expanded to more than 30 satellites in the next years with the launch of KhalifaSat, of the Perseus-O and Auriga constellations, and with the expansion of the TH-1 constellation, plus satellites brought into the alliance by prospective new members that may join in the future.
Moreover, it provides AIS data for ship identification and maritime traffic control. All PanGeo Alliance members can provide access to the full satellite fleet and product portfolio from all members.
The mosaic is 20 km wide and 10 km high. The first two images of this Earth observation satellite relate specifically to the Qatari capital, Doha, and show its avenues and the complex being built there for the Soccer World Cup Figures 19 and These images show a high quality and provide significant detail.
Since its launch and orbit injection, Deimos-2 has contacted the three ground stations Puertollano, Kiruna, and Inuvik on 60 occasions in 5 days, transmitting its data and permitting commanding; all subsystems onboard have been activated and tested.
Now, Deimos-2 is in its commissioning phase and will start its calibration activities in the coming days. Dubaisat-2 is an almost exact Deimos-2 twin. The swath width of the generated image is 12 km. EOS features a Korsch telescope with 5 mirrors. The optical design includes the main mirror M1 of mm diameter, 3 mirrors to increase the focal length up to 5. The temperature balance of the mirror surfaces, the distances between the mirrors and the FPA are all actively controlled by a feedback heating system, which includes thermostats and heaters.
Also passive cooling with heat dissipative materials. Figure Illustration of various observation modes with Deimos-2 image credit: Deimos. The imager underwent extensive pre-launch calibration activities Ref. Same as Deimos-1 but using artificial targets instead of field transitions. No convolution or resampling will be applied.
Deimos-2 radiometric characterization and cross-calibration with Dubaisat Figure Deimos-2 cross-calibration scheme with DubaiSat-2 image credit: Deimos. Deimos-2 post-launch radiometric characterization and calibration: Dome-C unavailable at that time. Figure Deimos-2 post-launch absolute calibration at Libya-4 image credit: Deimos Elecnor. Figure Location of Libya-4 calibration site image credit: Elecnor Deimos The uncertainty is expected to improve as more data becomes available.
The absolute calibration procedure results are considered acceptable, but not validated until a vicarious calibration campaign is performed. The ground segment has been completely developed in-house by Elecnor Deimos Space, in Madrid. The link between the space and ground segments will be performed thanks to the main GS Ground Station Puertollano Spain for both telemetry and telecommand and payload data 10 m antenna dish , and optionally to the GS of Svalbard Norway for payload data download only.
Deimos ground segments are based on the gs4EO Ground Segment for Earth Observation suite of state-of-the-art products. These products are the result of the know-how gathered for more than a decade of work for ESA European Space Agency , customized to small Earth Observation missions. Nominal operations are automated with no need of operator intervention leading to minimization of operation costs.
Exploitation of wide spread secured web technologies will allow distributed flight operations. It allows to install independent spacecraft control or payload data processing systems or even individual facilities e. Ground segment architecture: Deimos-2 is the first mission where the complete suite of gs4EO products is being used. The Deimos-2 ground segment includes the complete on-ground facilities to control, monitor and commercially exploit the mission. Figure 32 shows the D2 GS high level architecture decomposition, a simplified view of the relations between the different ground segment elements, as well as the specific initial Ground Station setup for the Deimos-2 mission, with one main station in Puertollano, Spain, and a polar station Svalbard.
It is to be noted that nearly all the GS infrastructure is running in a virtualized HW environment. Tool for user image acquisition request assessment with or without automatic connection to central plan4EO, together with advanced front-end for archive and catalogue query, visualization and dissemination.
Mission plan generation for imagery acquisition and related data downlink activities to ground stations; as well as platform operations planning. Performs the monitoring and control of the satellite platform and payload, including real-time and back orbit HK Housekeeping TM reception, processing and visualization, telecommanding and onboard SW management. Configuration of the ground station equipment and monitoring its operation during satellite passes. Hierarchical storage solution and meta data catalog storing archived files meta data.
Processing the payload raw data from the satellite to produce image products radiometric and geometric corrections, up to fully ortho-rectified images. Data circulation, Ground Segment health monitoring and management of the complete automatic processing chain execution orchestration.
Facility for updating and validating on-ground configuration parameters to ensure the image data quality requirements. Table 4: Description of the gs4EO products. In both chains the user services element is involved, either as initiator or as final destination of the chain. This is critical to prevent any unforeseen stop on the mission data return. The GS4EO FOS provides the auto4EO component, a powerful automation infrastructure that allows all nominal satellite operations to be performed without operator intervention.
Using the various APIs , scripts can be implemented to automate all required tasks related to satellite operations. Scripts could, in principle, be implemented in any available scripting language, though for the gs4EO, support is provided only for a number of them that are of common use by the computing community such Python, Ruby and Javascript.
Satellite operations related activities as scripts can be scheduled for execution by an operator, or even by other gs4EO FOS component within the auto4EO infrastructure as required.
Scheduled scripts can then be triggered by time or even by the occurrence of predetermined operational events e. This makes the gs4EO FOS automation environment very dynamic, where the system can react to whatever occurs as result of the operations activity execution. Data processing chain: The data processing function has been designed to operate automatically and in near-real time. Several levels of processing have been defined, from the stream of raw data produced by the instrument up to fully annotated, ortho-geolocated images of standard size.
Two independent processing chains are defined:. This chain relies on specific auxiliary information provided by the instrument, and on a calibration and characterization data base that must be updated regularly during the mission lifetime. Other product derivatives, such as pan-sharpened images, three-dimensional scenes, and domain-specific products, are also supported as higher level processing levels.
Multi-temporal analysis tools and methods, especially in the field of environmental monitoring, are a strong asset at Deimos. Although the processing chain integrates well-known transformations that are generally applicable to most optical missions, the specificities of the Deimos-2 mission have been taken into account when selecting between alternative algorithms.
In addition, the modular design has made it possible that for some of the processing steps, more than one alternative module is provided. For example, the geolocation and ortho-rectification can be accomplished by using either a physical sensor model, or a RFM Rational Function Model. Performance considerations will be used to select the best configuration during the commissioning phase of the mission. Notwithstanding the system's capability to automatically ortho-rectify the product images, Deimos' ground segment also supports human-driven ortho-rectification.
In this approach, a human operator manually identifies ground control points in both the acquired image and a reference image, using tools specifically designed for this purpose.
In the context of the Deimos-1 mission, this approach has shown to be more reliable and to achieve better accuracy than the fully automatic chain. The data processing chain incorporates different standards such as:. CAMP is an automated operational mission planning tool optimized for agile satellites; it provides both enhanced long-term mission return analyses and a sound prototype for a fully-automated mission planning chain, working on short-term operational horizons.
On top of the inputs shown on the diagram orange blocks , both modules share a wide set of inputs describing the orbit, the ground segment and the 3 modelled platform resources: AOCS, power and data handling.
From a set of AoI Areas of Interest , it analyses the orbital geometry to find observation opportunities and builds full MTLs that respect the constraints imposed by the system resources modelled with some approximations.
It is also able to repeat the scheduling exercise and select the best-performing MTL from the point of view of mission return taking also cloud forecast into account.
Finally, it provides results and plots about the coverage performance of the selected MTL over the simulation time. The second module simulates the execution of the selected MTL by the spacecraft, thanks to a high-fidelity system simulator. It combines the MTL and the high-fidelity orbit propagation based on operational orbit determination to derive the pointing angles to be uploaded to the satellite.
It then uses state-of-the-art models to simulate the AOCS, the power management and the data flow. It produces a thorough reporting of the satellite system state at any moment and detects any possible resource conflict. An MTL coming from the MTL generator has no reason to create any conflict under nominal conditions, as it uses fair models of the on board resources plus security margins.
But unexpected changes in the MTL operator manual edit for contingency reasons or in the orbit emergency maneuvers might overload the system. This final crosscheck is critical for the security of the system. Automated mission timeline generation: The tool receives as input the users' requests, represented by AoIs Areas of Interest , and transforms them into targets.
Through a geometric analysis, involving the propagated satellite orbit, the targets' position and some user defined constraints including cloud coverage forecast all the possible observation events are selected. However, these ejecta deposits are not seen on Deimos, perhaps because the moon's gravity is so low that the ejecta escaped to space. Material does appear to have moved down slopes. Deimos also has a thick regolith, perhaps as deep as feet meters , formed as meteorites pulverized the surface.
Deimos is a dark body that appears to be composed of C-type surface materials, similar to that of asteroids found in the outer asteroid belt. Hall named Mars' moons for the mythological sons of Ares, the Greek counterpart of the Roman god, Mars. Deimos, whose name means dread, is the brother of Phobos. The lander has taken measures to conserve energy; engineers aim to return to normal operations next week. Full Moon Guide: January - February This page showcases our resources for those interested in learning more about Mars.
Mars Resources. Deploying a new space telescope; deflecting an asteroid with a spacecraft; and visiting a metal-rich asteroid. NASA has a busy calendar. The findings highlight the diversity of samples scientists associated with the Mars Sample Return program will have to study.
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