In , the NRPC developed and implemented a shoreline stabilization workshop series that provided attendees with an introduction to the causes of erosion and the variety of stabilization techniques that can be used to address these issues. NRPC repeated this workshop series in when many shoreline homeowners were experiencing flood conditions from the elevated level of Lake Champlain. These workshops have been targeted to homeowners along Lake Champlain and NRPC has expanded the message into Addison and Chittenden Counties to reach effected homeowners.
In and , the NRPC offered a mini-grant program for Lake Champlain property owners in Franklin and Grand Isle counties who experienced shoreline erosion, with a focus on those areas exacerbated by the spring flooding which reached historic levels in Lake Champlain.
About The Program. Water Resources Home. Place the stakes in a triangular pattern at about 2 to 3 feet apart, with a maximum of 4 stakes per yard. Geotextile fabric or jute mesh is optional but may be needed to hold off further erosion until the live stakes begin to grow. Simply cut and lay the fabric over the area prior to driving any stakes. Anchor the fabric by burying the end in the substrate, behind the live stakes.
Rip Rap at the toe is optional. Basic idea: Lay live bundles of stems and branches in trenches on the shoreline, and cover them with soil. They are held in place with both wooden and live stakes. Collect and prepare bundles The bundles are made of fresh plant cuttings. They should be straight, 6 to 8 inches in diameter and 5 to 30 feet in length depending on the site conditions.
Plant cuttings should range in age, size and species with the growing tips facing the same direction. Willows and dogwoods work particularly well for this application. You do not need to trim the side branches of the cuttings. When tied together, the bundles should be 6 to 8 inches in diameter. You can use hemp or manila binder twine or other degradable fabric to bind the bundles, spacing the ties about a foot apart.
Dig trenches and lay bundles Dig trenches starting at the base of the slope, and continuing up the shoreline, spacing them about 3 feet apart. The trenches should match the width of your bundles and their depth should be about half the diameter of the bundle, ie, inches. Lay your bundles in the trenches. Secure bundles Secure the bundles into place by driving 2 to 3 foot long wooden stakes through the bundle and into the soil below.
Space the stakes 2 to 3 feet apart and make sure there are at least 2 to 3 inches of the stake sticking out of the top of the bundle. Then cover the bundles with soil, but leave a small portion of the top of the bundle exposed. Some large live black willow stakes can be placed along with the dead stakes to secure the bundle, helping to re-vegetate the slope. Optional Lay straw, mulch or fabric On flatter slopes, lay straw or mulch between the bundles.
On steeper slopes, lay a jute or coir coconut fiber fabric. The fabric should run under the bundles, with the bundles staked into the fabric. Fabric would need to be installed prior to step 3. Basic idea: Holes are dug into the side of the slope, and plant cuttings are inserted at an angle, and grow outward, while the roots grow into the slope. Trim off the side branches.
Dig the first bench Dig out the first bench towards the bottom of the slope. The bench should be dug into the slope, about 10 to 25 degrees off horizontal see diagram. Place the cuttings There should be several layers of cuttings on each bench, each layer being about an inch thick. Lay the first layer with the bottom ends touching the back of the excavated area and the tips pointing up out of the slope.
The cuttings should be crisscrossed. Cover this layer with dirt and start the next. Repeat this process until the desired amount of layers is reached. Then dig the next bench and repeat steps Lay mulch or straw Lay mulch or straw on the exposed soil between the benches.
Basic idea: This involves creating a "brush mattress" out of live plant cuttings, which lies on the eroded area. It will take root and grow. Choose the plant Brush mattresses are made of any woody plant that will sprout roots from its stem. Mostly people use the willow, but some species of dogwood and viburnum will work as well.
The plants should be 2 to 3 years old, flexible, and about 5 to 10 feet long. Prepare the slope The slope you will lay the mattress on must be flat to make sure every part of the mattress is in contact with the soil. The area should be about 5 to 18 feet in length. Make sure the soil is loose enough for the mattress to take root. Dig a trench Dig a trench along the length of the toe of the slope, where your brush mattress will end.
The end of the mattress will be tucked in here. Drive the stakes It is recommended that you use a combination of live and dead stakes. The stakes should be 2 to 4 inches thick and 24 to 36 inches long. Drive them into the slope in rows, spaced 18 inches apart, running from the bottom to the top of the slope see diagram.
If you chose to include a live fascine, the stakes at the bottom of the rows should be staked right through the fascine. Lay the branches Now lay your branches between the rows of stakes, creating a layer 2 to 4 inches thick.
Tie them down Choose either wire or twine. If using wire, use 16 gauge. The wire or twine runs diagonally across the stakes see diagram and is tied to each stake in a clove hitch.
Basic idea: A sheet of special three-dimensional biodegradable erosion-control geotextile fabric is laid down over the exposed slope of the shoreline.
Grass seeds are planted throughout the matting and then covered with soil. The grass becomes intertwined with the mat or blanket and stabilizes the shore.
Where it works: Moderate slopes up to 1 vertical to 2 horizontal along roadways or on slopes along waterways. Cost: Low to moderate depending on area to be covered and site-preparation necessary. Difficulty: Moderate to difficult, depending on slope preparation necessary and site characteristics.
Prepare the slope Remove all soil clumps and rocks. The prepared area must exactly match the dimensions of project. Optional - Spread seeds under the area you will be laying the mat. The erosion-control blankets come in rolls. Lay the blankets Each blanket is usually 3 to 4 feet wide. Starting at the top, roll each blanket down the slope. Each blanket should overlap the next by about 3 to 4 inches. Staple the blanket down Drive special soil staples down the center of each blanket, spaced about 3 to 5 feet apart.
Spread the seeds Spread the seeds over the mat. Spreading seeds under the mat is another recommended option. What was challenging?
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